FoxDifferential.Completed.FiniteStage.MagnusQuotient

14 Theorem | 1 Definition

This module proves the universal-property part of the construction. It packages finite-stage data into completed maps and shows the required extension and uniqueness statements.

import
Imported by

Declarations

def finiteFoxStageSemidirectReindexHom
    (e : X ≃ Y)
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal]
    (M : Subgroup (FreeGroup Y)) [M.Normal]
    (hM : N.map (FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e).toMonoidHom = M)
    (n : ℕ) :
    FiniteFoxStageSemidirect (X := X) N n →*
      FiniteFoxStageSemidirect (X := Y) M n := by
  let φ : FreeGroup X ≃* FreeGroup Y := FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e
  let qXY :
      finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := X) N ≃*
        finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := Y) M :=
    QuotientGroup.congr N M φ hM
  exact
    { toFun := fun a =>
        { left := fun y =>
            MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom (ModNCompletedCoeff n) qXY.toMonoidHom
              (a.left (e.symm y))
          right := qXY a.right }
      map_one' := by
        apply FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.ext
        · funext y
          simp only [MulEquiv.toMonoidHom_eq_coe, FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.one_left, Pi.zero_apply,
  MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom_apply, MonoidHom.coe_coe, Finsupp.mapDomain_zero]
        · simp only [FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.one_right, map_one]
      map_mul' := by
        intro a b
        apply FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.ext
        · funext y
          have hright :
              MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom (ModNCompletedCoeff n) qXY.toMonoidHom
                  (MonoidAlgebra.of (ModNCompletedCoeff n)
                    (finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := X) N) a.right) =
                MonoidAlgebra.of (ModNCompletedCoeff n)
                  (finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := Y) M) (qXY a.right) := by
            rcases QuotientGroup.mk'_surjective N a.right with ⟨w, hw⟩
            rw [← hw]
            simp only [MulEquiv.toMonoidHom_eq_coe, MonoidAlgebra.of, MonoidAlgebra.single, QuotientGroup.mk'_apply,
  MonoidHom.coe_mk, OneHom.coe_mk, MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom_apply, MonoidHom.coe_coe, Finsupp.mapDomain_single]
          simp only [MulEquiv.toMonoidHom_eq_coe, FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.mul_left, MonoidAlgebra.of_apply,
  Pi.add_apply, Pi.smul_apply, smul_eq_mul, map_add, MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom_apply, MonoidHom.coe_coe,
  add_right_inj]
          change
            MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom (ModNCompletedCoeff n) qXY.toMonoidHom
                (MonoidAlgebra.of (ModNCompletedCoeff n)
                    (finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := X) N) a.right *
                  b.left (e.symm y)) =
              MonoidAlgebra.of (ModNCompletedCoeff n)
                  (finiteFoxStageTargetQuotient (X := Y) M) (qXY a.right) *
                MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom (ModNCompletedCoeff n) qXY.toMonoidHom
                  (b.left (e.symm y))
          rw [map_mul, hright]
        · simp only [FiniteFoxStageSemidirect.mul_right, map_mul, MulEquiv.toMonoidHom_eq_coe,
  MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom_apply, MonoidHom.coe_coe]}

Reindex the finite-stage Fox semidirect target along an equivalence of free bases.

theorem finiteFoxStageSemidirectReindexHom_lift
    (e : X ≃ Y)
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal]
    (M : Subgroup (FreeGroup Y)) [M.Normal]
    (hM : N.map (FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e).toMonoidHom = M)
    (n : ℕ) (w : FreeGroup X) :
    finiteFoxStageSemidirectReindexHom (X := X) (Y := Y) e N M hM n
        (finiteFoxStageLift (X := X) N n w) =
      finiteFoxStageLift (X := Y) M n ((FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e) w)

The reindexing hom carries the finite-stage lift to the finite-stage lift.

Show proof
theorem finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector_reindex
    (e : X ≃ Y)
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal]
    (M : Subgroup (FreeGroup Y)) [M.Normal]
    (hM : N.map (FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e).toMonoidHom = M)
    (n : ℕ) (w : FreeGroup X) :
    finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := Y) M n ((FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e) w) =
      fun y =>
        MonoidAlgebra.mapDomainRingHom (ModNCompletedCoeff n)
          (QuotientGroup.congr N M (FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e) hM).toMonoidHom
          (finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := X) N n w (e.symm y))

Finite-stage Fox derivative vectors reindex along an equivalence of free bases.

Show proof
theorem finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector_eq_zero_reindex
    (e : X ≃ Y)
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal]
    (M : Subgroup (FreeGroup Y)) [M.Normal]
    (hM : N.map (FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e).toMonoidHom = M)
    (n : ℕ) {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hw : finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := X) N n w = 0) :
    finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := Y) M n ((FreeGroup.freeGroupCongr e) w) = 0

Zero of a finite-stage Fox derivative vector is invariant under reindexing the free basis.

Show proof
theorem commutator_subtype_le_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
    (N : Subgroup F) (n : ℕ) :
    (commutator N).map N.subtype ≤ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := F) N n

The ordinary commutator subgroup of \(N\), mapped back to the ambient group, is contained in the finite Fox commutator-power subgroup.

Show proof
theorem pow_mem_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
    (N : Subgroup F) (n : ℕ) {a : F} (ha : a ∈ N) :
    a ^ n ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := F) N n

Nth powers from N are defining relators for the finite Fox commutator-power subgroup.

Show proof
theorem mem_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup_of_abelianization_eq_pow
    (N : Subgroup F) (n : ℕ) {w : F} (hw : w ∈ N) (a : N)
    (hclass :
      Abelianization.of ⟨w, hw⟩ = (Abelianization.of a) ^ n) :
    w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := F) N n

If the abelianization class of a kernel element is an \(n\)-th power, then the element lies in \([N,N]N^n\).

Show proof
theorem ker_finiteFoxStageLift_le_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup_iff_residue
    [DecidableEq X]
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal] (n : ℕ) :
    (finiteFoxStageLift (X := X) N n).kerfiniteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := FreeGroup X) N n ↔
      ∀ w : FreeGroup X,
        w ∈ N →
        residueFreeGroupFoxDerivativeVector n (QuotientGroup.mk' N) w = 0 →
          w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := FreeGroup X) N n

Residue-Fox form of the finite-stage Magnus reverse inclusion. The finite-stage derivative is not a separate Fox theory: it is the residue free Fox derivative for the quotient map \(\mathrm{FreeGroup}(X) \to F/N\). This is the residue form of the finite Magnus reverse inclusion, expressed through the finite-stage derivative.

Show proof
theorem ker_finiteFoxStageLift_le_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup_iff_residueUniversal
    [DecidableEq X] [Fintype X]
    (N : Subgroup (FreeGroup X)) [N.Normal] (n : ℕ) :
    (finiteFoxStageLift (X := X) N n).kerfiniteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := FreeGroup X) N n ↔
      ∀ w : FreeGroup X,
        w ∈ N →
        residueUniversalDifferential n (QuotientGroup.mk' N) w = 0 →
          w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := FreeGroup X) N n

Residue-universal form of the finite-stage Magnus reverse inclusion. With a finite free basis, the finite-stage coordinate vector is equivalent to the residue universal differential, so the remaining theorem is a kernel statement in the residue universal module.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_mem_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup_of_pow_eq_one
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) (n : ℕ)
    (hpow : ∀ k : β.ker, k ^ n = 1)
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hw :
      w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
        (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker n) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

The finite commutator-power subgroup maps into the ordinary commutator subgroup of a target kernel whenever the chosen exponent kills that kernel. This is the mathematical quotient bookkeeping needed after the finite-stage Magnus kernel theorem: the commutator relators map to commutators in kernel \(\beta\), while the power relators map to \(1\) by the given exponent-killing hypothesis.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_mem_finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup_card
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) [Finite β.ker]
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hw :
      w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
        (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker (Nat.card β.ker)) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

The finite-kernel cardinality version of the quotient bookkeeping lemma.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector_eq_zero_of_ker_le
    [DecidableEq X]
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) (n : ℕ)
    (hpow : ∀ k : β.ker, k ^ n = 1)
    (hmag :
      (finiteFoxStageLift (X := X) (β.comp α).ker n).kerfiniteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker n)
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hder :
      finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := X) (β.comp α).ker n w = 0) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

Finite quotient commutator conclusion from the finite-stage Magnus reverse inclusion. Once the kernel of the finite-stage lift has been identified with \([N,N]N^m\), a zero finite-stage derivative for a representative word gives the ordinary commutator conclusion in kernel \beta.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_residueUniversalDifferential_eq_zero_of_kernel_le
    [DecidableEq X] [Fintype X]
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) (n : ℕ)
    (hpow : ∀ k : β.ker, k ^ n = 1)
    (hmag :
      ∀ w : FreeGroup X,
        w ∈ (β.comp α).kerresidueUniversalDifferential n (QuotientGroup.mk' (β.comp α).ker) w = 0 →
          w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
            (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker n)
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hder :
      residueUniversalDifferential n (QuotientGroup.mk' (β.comp α).ker) w = 0) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

Finite quotient commutator conclusion from the residue-universal finite Magnus kernel statement.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector_eq_zero_of_ker_le_card
    [DecidableEq X]
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) [Finite β.ker]
    (hmag :
      (finiteFoxStageLift (X := X) (β.comp α).ker (Nat.card β.ker)).kerfiniteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
          (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker (Nat.card β.ker))
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hder :
      finiteFoxStageDerivativeVector (X := X) (β.comp α).ker (Nat.card β.ker) w = 0) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

The cardinality-specialized finite quotient commutator conclusion from the finite-stage Magnus reverse inclusion.

Show proof
theorem mem_commutator_ker_of_residueUniversalDifferential_eq_zero_of_kernel_le_card
    [DecidableEq X] [Fintype X]
    (α : FreeGroup X →* Q) (β : Q →* H) [Finite β.ker]
    (hmag :
      ∀ w : FreeGroup X,
        w ∈ (β.comp α).kerresidueUniversalDifferential (Nat.card β.ker)
            (QuotientGroup.mk' (β.comp α).ker) w = 0 →
          w ∈ finiteFoxCommutatorPowerSubgroup
            (F := FreeGroup X) (β.comp α).ker (Nat.card β.ker))
    {w : FreeGroup X}
    (hwker : w ∈ (β.comp α).ker)
    (hder :
      residueUniversalDifferential (Nat.card β.ker)
          (QuotientGroup.mk' (β.comp α).ker) w = 0) :
    (⟨α w, by
      change β (α w) = 1
      simpa [MonoidHom.mem_ker, MonoidHom.comp_apply] using hwker⟩ : β.ker) ∈
      commutator β.ker

The cardinality-specialized finite quotient commutator conclusion from the residue-universal finite Magnus kernel statement.

Show proof